OXUS Afghanistan was created in 2005 thanks to the Microfinance Investment Support Facility for Afghanistan (MISFA), a Government Apex agency set up by international donors in 2003 in order to develop the microfinance sector in Afghanistan. OXUS Afghanistan was able to build on Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development(ACTED)'s experience and past programmes in the country, in particular a micro-loan initiative to provide farmers with seeds and tools for sowing.

The OXUS Group’s mission is to fight poverty through the provision of microfinance services to the working poor and aims at empowering disadvantaged people, integrating a commercial approach into a broad human development framework. By July 2007, OXUS Afghanistan had become an independent company registered as such under Afghan law. Most of OXUS Afghanistan's clientiele comprise of small credit groups, individual business loans, small traders or shopkeepers, farmers or handicraft producers and women.